Geography MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Geography - Download Free PDF

Dairy Farming

• Dairy is the most advanced and efficient type of rearing of milch animals.
• It is highly capital intensive. Animal sheds, storage facilities for fodder, feeding and milching machines add to the cost of dairy farming.
• Special emphasis is laid on cattle breeding, health care and veterinary services.
• It is highly labour intensive as it involves rigorous care in feeding and milching. There is no off season during the year as in the case of crop raising. Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.
• It is practised mainly near urban and industrial centres which provide neighbourhood markets for fresh milk and dairy products.
• The development of transportation, refrigeration, pasteurisation and other preservation processes have increased the duration of storage of various dairy products.
• There are three main regions of commercial dairy farming:
  • North Western Europe which is the largest
  • Canada
  • South Eastern Australia, New Zealand and Tasmania.

 

Mediterranean Agriculture

• Mediterranean agriculture is highly specialised commercial agriculture.
• It is practised in the countries on either side of the Mediterranean sea in Europe and in north Africa from Tunisia to Atlantic coast, southern California, central Chile, south western parts of South Africa and south and south western parts of Australia. This region is an important supplier of citrus fruits.
• Viticulture or grape cultivation is a speciality of the Mediterranean region. Hence Statement 1 is correct.
• Best quality wines in the world with distinctive flavours are produced from high quality grapes in various countries of this region.
• The inferior grapes are dried into raisins and currants. This region also produces olives and figs.
• The advantage of Mediterranean agriculture is that more valuable crops such as fruits and vegetables are grown in winters when there is great demand in European and North American markets.

 

Market Gardening and Horticulture

• Market gardening and horticulture specialise in the cultivation of high value crops such as vegetables, fruits and flowers, solely for the urban markets.
• Farms are small and are located where there are good transportation links with the urban centre where high income group of consumers is located.
• It is both labour and capital intensive and lays emphasis on the use of irrigation, HYV seeds, fertilisers, insecticides, greenhouses and artificial heating in colder regions.
• This type of agriculture is well developed in densely populated industrial districts of north west Europe, north eastern United States of America and the Mediterranean regions.
• The Netherlands specialises in growing flowers and horticultural crops especially tulips, which are flown to all major cities of Europe.
• The regions where farmers specialise in vegetables only, the farming is known as truck farming. Hence Statement 3 is correct.

The distance of truck farms from the market is governed by the distance that a truck can cover overnight, hence the name truck farming.

Explanation:

Bihar government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Limited (NHPC) for setting up the state’s biggest hydroelectric power generation plant, Dagmara multipurpose hydropower project. It will be built on Kosi river in Supaul district.

The Sundarbans is a natural region comprising southern Bangladesh and a small part in Eastern India. It is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world.

Answer(b) Palghat

• Palakkad is rightfully known as the Gateway of Kerala, giving the rest of India access to the State. Its other name is Palghat was contributed by British Raj. Palakkad is a land of palm trees and paddy fields. It's known to be rich in flora and fauna.
• The abundant forest wealth,dams,wild life sanctuaries,rivers,rare birds and animals,historical monuments,traditional ayurvedic treatment centres have given Palakkad an exquisite and outstanding touch.

Environment refers to the surrounding and the natural component of living and non-living things that lives together and survives.

Important Points

• The environment is divided into two types- Natural and Human-Made Environment.
• The natural environment refers to the physical and the biological elements which occur naturally. For example; air, water, sunlight, land, plants, animals, etc.
• The human-made environment refers to the surroundings made by human beings by modifying the natural environment for their needs.
• Human beings interact with the natural environment for food, shelter, clothing, etc.
• Humans are dependent on the natural environment, in order to satisfy the needs, they have overused and exploited the natural environment by various means like deforestation, overpopulation, pollution, etc.
• The excessive use of natural resources is leading to the extinction and degradation of resouces.
• The renewable resources are been polluted by humans and the non-renewable resources are getting extinct day by day.
• The growing population is a major threat to the environment as this will lead to growing demands and need on the scarce natural environment.

Hence, the growing population is a major threat to the environment.

The correct answer is nickel and iron.

Key Points

Core:

• The innermost layer is the core with a radius of about 3500 km.
• The central core has a very high temperature and pressure.
• The inner core (1200 km) is in the solid state whereas the outer core (2300 km) is in the liquid state.
• The innermost layer is the core with a radius of about 3500 km and divided into Inner and Outer core.
• The inner core is with a radius of 350 km mainly made up of- nickel and iron. The innermost layer is also called ‘nife’ (ni - nickel and fe - ferrous- iron).

Additional Information

The Earth is divided into four main layers: the solid crust on the outside, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core.

• All those layers are separated from each other through a transition zone.
• These transition zones are called discontinuities.
  • Conrad Discontinuity: It lies between the Upper crust and Lower crust.
  • Mohorovicic Discontinuity: It lies between crust and mantle.
  • Repiti Discontinuity: It lies between the Upper mantle and Lower mantle.
  • Gutenberg Discontinuity: It lies between core and mantle.
  • Lehman Discontinuity: It lies between the upper core and lower core.

 

Interior of the Earth:

Crust:

• The uppermost layer over the earth’s surface is called the crust.
• It is the thinnest of all the layers.
• on the continental masses, It is about 35 km and on the ocean floors, only 5 km.
• The crust is the thinnest layer of the Earth and it amounts to less than 1% of our planet's volume.
• The earth is made up of several concentric layers with one inside another, just like an onion.
• The crust is the outermost layer of Earth and is made up of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. 
• The Earth's crust is unstable because of the exogenic forces.

Mantle:

• The Mantle extends up to a depth of 2900 km below the crust.
• It is the widest section of the Earth.

 

The correct answer is 2.4

Key Points

• India accounts for about 2.4 percent of the total surface area of the world.
• India has an area of 32,87,263 sq. km making it the seventh-largest country of the world.
• The east to west width from the Rann of Kutch to Arunachal Pradesh is 2,933 km.
• The north to south extent of India from Indira Col in Kashmir to Kanyakumari is 3,214 km.
• The southernmost point of the country is the Pygmalion Point or Indira Point located at 6 deg. 45 inches North latitude.
• The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country dividing it into two latitudinal halves.

Additional Information

• The countries that are larger than India are as follows- 
  • Russia
  • Canada
  • China 
  • U.S.A.
  • Brazil
  • Australia

The correct answer is Troposphere.

Key Points

• The troposphere is the lowest part of the Earth's atmosphere in which all tropical changes take place. 
• It contains about 75% of the total air in the atmosphere.
• Based on temperature variation, our atmosphere can be classified into the following layers mainly.
• Troposphere: From Earth's surface up to 10km. Here, temperature decreases with increasing height. We, humans, live in the troposphere, and nearly all weather occurs in this lowest layer. Most clouds appear here.
• Stratosphere: From 10km above the surface to 50km above the surface, Here, temperature increases with increasing height due to the presence of the ozone layer.
• Ozone gas is capable of absorbing harmful UV rays and due to the absorption, the temperature increases.
• All the airplanes fly in this zone as due to high temperature there is less turbulence and hence smoother flights are possible. 
• Mesosphere: From 50km above the surface to 85 km above the surface. Here, the temperature again decreases with increasing height. Most meteors burn up in the mesosphere.
• Ionosphere: Beyond 85km there is a thermosphere layer and Ionosphere is a series of regions in parts of the mesosphere and thermosphere.

The correct answer is Erathosthenese.

Key Points

• The term ‘Geography’ was first coined by Eratosthenes.
• It is the combination of two Greek words, Geo (the earth) and Graphos (to write).
• Geography is the study of the Earth’s landscapes, peoples, places and environments.
• Physical Geography is the study of natural things like Volcanoes, earthquakes; rivers, oceans, glaciers; soil, water, air; weather and climate etc.
• Human Geography is the study of people, settlements, transport, industry etc.
  • It examines how humans adapt themselves to the land and to other people, and in macroscopic transformations, they enact on the world.
• Environmental Geography is the combination of Physical and Human geography.

Additional Information

• Herodotus: Herodotus is known as the “Father of History.”  and is well known for his historical accounts.
• Galileo: He was an Italian scientist and scholar whose inventions included the telescope.
  • His discoveries laid the foundation for modern physics and astronomy.
• Aristotle: He was an Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist and his works are in fields of politics, psychology and ethics.

 correct answer is History.The

Key Points

• Temporal synthesis is defined as the automated construction of a system whereby we develop a temporary specification and then try to prove it.
  • It is done in history as a discipline.
  • It refers to the comparisons made with respect to the passage of time.
  • Here, if a process is temporally extended, it means that it happens over a period of time.
  • If the occurrence of two events differs temporally, then they happened at different points in time.

Additional Information

• Spatial synthesis is attempted by Geography.
  • It includes any of the formal techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties.

The atmosphere around the earth:

• The atmosphere consists of different layers with varying densities and temperatures.
• The column of the atmosphere is divided into five different layers depending upon the temperature condition.
• They are troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

  

Stratosphere:

• It is suitable for flying aircraft because this layer is almost free from weather disturbances.
• It extends from tropopause up to 50 km of height.
• It is an extremely dry region and almost no clouds are present in it except cirrus and mother of pearl clouds.
• The ozone layer is found in this layer.
• The ozone layer absorbs UV rays and safeguards the earth from harmful radiation.

Thus, it is clear that the statements describe the Stratosphere.

Key Points 

• Troposphere:
  • It is the lowermost and the most important layer of the atmosphere, as almost all the weather phenomena occur in this layer.
  • It extends from the earth's surface up to 8 km over the pole and 18 km over the equator it means, the troposphere is thick over the equator than over the pole. the first 1.5 to 2 km height of the troposphere is called the friction layer.
  • The troposphere is not suitable for flying aircraft, because bumpy air pockets are present in this layer.
• Mesosphere:
  • It extends from 50 km to 80 km in height.
  • In this layer, temperature decreases with height, and at the end of this layer, temperature becomes -100°C, which is the minimum temperature of the atmosphere.
• Thermosphere:
  • It extends from 80 km to 400 km in height and it is the thickest among above all layers.
  • In this layer, most of the gases are present in an ionized state and electrical conductivity is responsible for reflecting the radio waves and other electromagnetic waves back to the earth's surface.

The correct answer is Cotton.

• Cotton is the most suitable cash crop for black soil.
• The largest producer of cotton in India is Maharashtra followed by Gujarat and Telangana.
• The largest producer of cotton in the world is India followed by China and the United States of America (USA).
• The cash crop is also known as profit crop is an agricultural crop that is grown to sell for profit.
• Some examples of cash crops are tea, coffee, rubber, coconut, and spices.
• Black soil which is found in India is rich in metals such as Aluminium, Magnesium, Lime, Calcium, and Iron.
• It is deficient in Phosphorous, Potassium, Nitrogen, and organic matter.
• The black soil is also called regur and black cotton soils because cotton is the most important crop grown on these soils.
• This soil is mainly found in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and parts of Karnataka.
• It has the highest water-retaining capacity.
• The texture of the black soil is Clayey.

Image of Cotton:

The correct answer is Zeugen.

Key Points

• Zeugen landform is produced by wind erosion. 
• Zeugen:
  • It is table shaped landform.
  • Mostly seen in arid and semi-arid regions.
  • The softer part of the rock is eroded by wind and the harder part remains as it is.

Additional Information

•  Cirque:
  • Cirques are formed by glacier erosion.
  • Cirques are amphitheater-shaped valleys with precipitous walls.
• Stacks:
  • Stacks are formed by coastal wind and water waves.
  • Generally seen in coastal areas.
  • The formation of Stacks takes a very long time.

The correct answer is the Indus valley desert.

Key Points

• ​The Indus Valley Desert is an almost uninhabited desert ecoregion of northern Pakistan.
• It covers an area of 19,501 sq km in northwestern Punjab Province between the Chenab and Indus rivers.
• It is drier and less hospitable than the northwestern thorn scrub forests that surround it with temperatures ranging from freezing in winter to extremely hot in summer with only 600-800 mm of rainfall per year.
• The desert is home to five large mammals: Indian wolf, striped hyena, caracal, Indian leopard, and the urial along with many rodents and other mammals.

Additional Information

• The Thar desert
  • The Thar Desert is located in India (Rajasthan) and is also known as the Great Indian Desert.
  • The Thar Desert extends between the Aravalli Hills in the northeast and the Rann of Kutch in the west and the alluvial plains of the Indus River in the northwest.
  • It is located partly in the Rajasthan state of India and partly in the Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan.
• Rann of Kutch
  • The Great Rann of Kutch is a salt marsh in the Thar Desert in the Kutch District of Gujarat.
  • It is divided into the Great Rann and Little Rann.
  • The history of the Rann of Kutch began with early neolithic settlements. It was later inhabited by the Indus Valley Civilization as well as the Maurya and Gupta empires of India.
• Spiti valley cold desert
  • Spiti Valley is a cold desert mountain valley located high in the Himalayas in the northeastern part of the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.
  • The name "Spiti" means "The middle land" i.e. the land between Tibet and India.

The correct answer is 7516.6 kms.

Key Points

• Coastline of India
  • The peninsular part of India extends towards the Indian Ocean.
  • This has provided the country with a coastline of 6,100km on the mainland.
  • The total length of the coastline of the mainland, Lakshadweep Islands, and Andaman & Nicobar Islands are 7,516.6 km.
  • India's coastline extends to Nine states (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and West Bengal) and four Union Territories (Puducherry, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu, and Andaman & Nicobar Islands).
  • Gujarat has the largest share (23%) in India's coastline, followed by Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

Additional Information 

State	Coastline (in km)
Gujarat	1214.70
Andhra Pradesh	973.70
Tamil Nadu	906.70
Maharashtra	652.60
Kerala	569.70
Odisha	476.70
Karnataka	280
Goa	101
Andaman Nicobar	1912